Acetic anhydride (boiling point: 139.5, density: 1.0820) may be produced by three different methods. The first procedure involves the in situ production from acetaldehyde of…

Acetic acid (ethanoic acid, vinegar acid, CH3CO2H, melting point 16.6o C, boiling point: 117.9o C, density: 1.0490, flash point: 43o C, ignition temperature 465o C)…

Acetaminophen, sold under the trade name Tylenol, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic that is an over-the-counter drug. Combined with codeine it is one…

Acetaldehyde (ethanal, CH3CH=O, melting point –123.5°C, boiling point: 20.1o C, density: 0.7780, flash point: –38o C, ignition temperature: 165o C) is a colorless, odorous liquid.…

Unlike ethynylation, in which acetylene adds across a carbonyl group and the triple bond is retained, in vinylation a labile hydrogen compound adds to acetylene,…

Sulfonation is the introduction of a sulfonic acid group (–SO3H) into an organic compound as, for example, in the production of an aromatic sulfonic acid…

Polymerization is a process in which similar molecules (usually olefins) are linked to form a high-molecular-weight product; such as the formation of polyethylene from ethylene…

The oxo reaction is the general or generic name for a process in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to…

Oxidation is the addition of oxygen to an organic compound or, conversely, the removal of hydrogen. Reaction control is the major issue during oxidation reactions.…

Nitration is the insertion of a nitro group (–NO2) into an organic compound, usually through the agency of the reaction of a hydrocarbon with nitric…