The oxo reaction is the general or generic name for a process in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to…
Category: Chemical Process
Oxidation is the addition of oxygen to an organic compound or, conversely, the removal of hydrogen. Reaction control is the major issue during oxidation reactions.…
Nitration is the insertion of a nitro group (–NO2) into an organic compound, usually through the agency of the reaction of a hydrocarbon with nitric…
In its simplest interpretation, hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to a chemical compound. Generally, the process involves elevated temperature and relatively high pressure in…
The hydroformylation (oxo) reactions offer ways of converting a-olefins to aldehydes and/or alcohols containing an additional carbon atom. CH3CH=CH2 + CO + H2 ? CH…
Ethyl alcohol is a product of fermentation of sugars and cellulose but the alcohol is manufactured mostly by the hydration of ethylene. An indirect process…
Halogenation is almost always chlorination, for the difference in cost between chlorine and the other halogens, particularly on a molar basis, is quite substantial. In…
Several chemicals are manufactured by application of the Friedel-Crafts condensation reaction. Efficient operation of any such process depends on: 1. The preparation and handling of…
Fermentation processes produce a wide range of chemicals that complement the various chemicals produced by nonfermentation routes. For example, alcohol, acetone, butyl alcohol, and acetic…
The ethynylation reaction involves the addition of acetylene to carbonyl compounds. HC?CH + R1COR2 ? HC?CC(OH)R1R2 Heavy metal acetylides, particularly cuprous acetylide (CuC?CH), catalyze the…