When a process stream consists of more than one phase, the process heat duty can be calculated using the following equation:
The amount of heat energy absorbed or lost by a substance when changing phases is called “latent heat.” When steam is condensed towater, the temperature…
The amount of heat absorbed or lost by a substance that causes a change in the temperature of the substance is sensible heat. It is…
To minimize pipe vibrations it is necessary to design pipe runs so that the “acoustic length” of the pipe run does not create a standing…
In many instances where the sizing recommendations previously discussed are used, there is not need to install dampeners to reduce liquidpulsations. However, in most instances,…
It is absolutely imperative that the suction piping be sized to assure that the NPSH available exceeds the NPSH required by the pump. Often, this…
Figure 11-14 shows a typical mechanical flowsheet for two centrifugal pumps installed in parallel. It is presented to illustrate some of the considerations necessary for…
These are easily renewable leakage seals between the impeller or shaft and casing designed to prevent leakage from high pressure to low pressure areas. They…
Seals are necessary to prevent leakage at the point where the shaft enters the pump case. The most inexpensive seal is made of packing material…
Ball bearings transmit a load from a rotating surface to a fixed surface via a series of rotating balls. They are generally inexpensive, do not…